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You are here > Biopharmaceutical Glossary Homepage/Search CHI glossary Cambridge Healthtech Biopharmaceutical glossary BioIT World Sharing information and discussing enabling technologies that are driving biomedical research and the drug development process. Biomarker
World Congress Includes:
Clinical applications of biomarkers, Personalized medicine, Biomarkers in
translational medicine, Drug-diagnostic co-development, Biomarker assay
development and validation, Clinical validation of biomarkers, Novel clinical
trial designs to include biomarkers, Cancer biomarkers, Biomarkers for safety
assessment and clinical pharmacology, Biomarkers for patient selection and
monitoring response to therapy, Biomarkers for go/no-go decisions, Biomarker
consortia
Biomarker conference series includes all areas of biomarker research spanning the pharmaceutical and diagnostic pipeline, including safety and efficacy assessment in drug discovery, biomarker translation from preclinical to clinical studies, and biomarker applications in clinical trials, including patient selection, monitoring clinical efficacy and safety, and clinical pharmacology. biomarker data analysis: Expression Profiling Data Analysis, Expression Profiling Data Analysis, MS Data Analysis for Biomarker Identification, Integrating Genomic and Proteomic Data for Biomarker Discovery, Clinical Data Analysis for Biomarker Validation, and Cancer Disease Modeling, bioprocessing strategies: The rapidly developing biologics industry is faced with many complex areas of concern. There are multiple issues that need to be analyzed as we explore process standardization, and the financial and economic ramifications of new systems and methodologies. Bioprocessing Summit business Pharmaceutical Strategy conferences chemistry: Chemistry conference series
Drug discovery & development Cambridge Healthtech Institute conference series Drug
safety Conferences
GLP
Good Laboratory Practice: Good
Laboratory Practices: Guide to Compliance, provides clear
recommendations for performing preclinical laboratory studies according
to 21CFR58 and the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice. The
Guide includes templates for SOPs and other forms that can be copied and
used directly in the laboratory, including a full set of GLP inspection
sheets. http://www.
Good Manufacturing Practice: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/comp/gmp.html
G-protein-coupled receptors:
GPCRs: Though G protein-coupled
receptors (GPCRs) represent the most common target of drugs on the market, many
of those drugs were developed before we knew much about GPCRs. In the past
decade scores of GPCRs have been discovered and now we even have crystal
structures of a few of these hard-to-express membrane proteins. The new GPCR
frontier has opened exciting possibilities for drug development along with a
whole set of challenges. GPCR
Based Drug Discovery, Discovery on Target Nov 2010 Boston MA
GxP: a general term for Good Practice quality guidelines and regulations. These guidelines are used in many fields, including the pharmaceutical and food industries. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GxP accessed Jan 11, 2011 Narrower terms: GCP, GLP, GMP hepatotoxicity:
Hepatotoxicity is the number one cause for drug recalls and
new drug refusals based on adverse drug reactions. According to FDA and industry
sources hepatotoxicity accounts for ~27% of the drugs withdrawn from the market
since 1960 and is responsible for greater than 40% of the clinical phase drug
candidate terminations. High-Content
Analysis January 11-14, 2011 • San Francisco, CA Program
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HCA
for Drug Screening and Toxicology, HCA for Pathway Analysis, Image Analysis and
Data Management, Novel Probes and Biosensors, Novel Biological Models for HCA,
Live-Cell Imaging, Neuronal Screening, Flow Cytometry idiosyncratic toxicity: The primary role of Phase IV post marketing surveillance is to detect rare or idiosyncratic adverse events that do not manifest in the population sizes common to clinical trials ... While clinical forecasting is aimed at predicting safety and efficacy early in the drug development process, rare or idiosyncratic toxicities can only be detected in Phase IV. There, Phase IV serves as a very important safety net, to catch problems that could not be predicted. Insight Pharma Reports, Bayesian Forecasting of Phase III Outcomes: The Next Wave in Predictive Tools, June 2007 Few drug development surprises can be as devastating as toxicity problems that only show up under a combination of conditions as idiosyncratic toxicity. Because of the role of variations in human drug metabolizing enzymes there may only be subtle (or no) evidence of such problems during pre-clinical safety studies. Such problems are also unlikely to show up in all but the largest clinical trials, but if the side effects are serious, it can result in product withdrawal. informatics: Glossaries & Taxonomies Bioinformatics, Cheminformatics, Clinical & Medical informatics Drug discovery informatics IT Infrastructure ion channels:
Ion Channels are now established as an important target group for developing
pharmaceutical therapeutics. To successfully move forward in this area, many
challenges had to be overcome and several strategies are now in place to
validate new targets and to improve and generate new leads. New techniques such
as high-throughput screening, new patch-clamp methods, new imaging and updated
cell based assays are providing information on new structural leads, on
selectivity and on mechanism of action, as well as on emerging new therapeutic
areas. Ion channels
as therapeutic targets, Discovery on Target Nov 2010 Boston MA
label free: Label-free detection of biomolecules is currently receiving intense attention due to the clear advantages it offers over fluorescent methods. These researchers are pursuing a label-free protein detection method based upon field-effect detection-a technique that has been used for DNA, but not yet for proteins. If they are successful, they will develop arrays of sensors for the purpose of high-throughput parallel detection, and examine the generality of their findings for various diverse proteins. Label Free Electrical Detection of Proteins, Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation, MIT http://web.mit.edu/deshpandecenter/proj_manalis.html mammalian
cell lines: Gene expression in mammalian cells is the foundation for protein
production. As more protein-based products head into development, the need
to refine processes for optimizing cell line development increases.
Reducing the time needed to identify high-expressing clones and develop cell
lines is essential for trimming a project’s overall costs. http://www.bioprocessingsummit.com/bpd/mex/ medicinal chemistry:
Medicinal
chemistry strategy technology and innovation, hot topics in medicinal chemistry:
fragment based discovery and biophysical techniques, Targets in hot pursuit:
protein protein and allosteric modulators, pain and anemia, oncology
micro-RNA
miRNA: Coverage
includes: microRNA in Biomarker and Diagnostic Development, microRNA in
Therapeutic Development, microRNA in Human Development and Disease , microRNA
and Cancer Mechanism, microRNA and Cancer Stem Cells With the first diagnostics set to debut within a year, the new research and development field of microRNAs is beginning to reveal its potential. This new report establishes a baseline for observing microRNAs’ maturation, including assessments of: The science and analysis of first-generation microRNA commercial applications, The early adaptors and where they are heading with this emerging technology, Clinical applications, which will begin in oncology, followed by infectious diseases, neurology, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, The youthfulness of the field of microRNA and more. Insight Pharma Reports, microRNAs: Commercial Products on the horizon, 2008 molecular diagnostics: Translating
next generation sequencing into the clinical lab, reimbursement, new analytes in
unconventional places, regulation of molecular diagnostics, highly multiplexed
carrier screening tests, multiplexed clinical assays Molecular
Diagnostics February 23-25, 2011 • San Francisco, CA Program
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diagnostic applications in the areas of oncology, personalized medicine,
inherited disorders, prediction of genetic disease risk, and many others are
rapidly increasing in number as this burgeoning field expands beyond infectious
disease testing. ... The molecular diagnostics market is exploding. New genes
and biomarkers are continually being identified and clinically validated,
increasing the number of different tests available. The requisite technology and
instruments are advancing in tandem. While many companies offer tests that
detect only one or a few genetic changes, some companies have now developed
tests capable of detecting large numbers of these changes. Many companies are
taking their tests through the traditional diagnostics market strategy of
gaining FDA clearance, while others have chosen a different strategy and are
offering tests through their own CLIA-certified laboratories. Insight Pharma
Reports, Molecular
Diagnostics: A dynamic and rapidly broadening market, 2009 molecular imaging:
An essential tool in drug discovery and development, translational
approaches in in vivo molecular imaging research, utilization in therapeutic
areas Vivo
Molecular Imaging June 8-9, 2011 • Philadelphia, PA Program
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| Download Brochure The rapidly emerging field of molecular imaging is poised to open new vistas for basic researchers, scientists working in drug discovery and development, and physicians. Little more than 5 years old, the postgenomic field of molecular imaging is undergoing rapid research and commercial development, driven largely by big pharma’s burgeoning interest in biomarkers as crucial for decision support in preclinical and early clinical development. Insight Pharma Reports, Molecular Imaging in Drug R&D and Medical Practice: Techno9logies, Applications, Markets, http://www.insightpharmareports.com/reports/2008/92_Molecular_Imaging/overview.asp 2008 monoclonal antibodies MAbs:
In the nearly 35 years since the first process for creating mAbs was introduced,
they have remained a centerpiece of the growing biotechnology industry.
Thirty therapeutic mAbs have been approved around the world, including 23 in the
United States. A number of these drugs have attained blockbuster status,
with sales reaching the coveted billion-dollar mark and well beyond.
Rituxan, Remicade, Avastin, Herceptin, and Humira alone generated sales of over
$4 billion each in 2008, and global sales for this entire sector surpassed $30
billion last year. The biotech industry devoted years to reducing the
immunogenicity of mAbs, developing the technologies—detailed in this
report—to progress from chimeric, to humanized, to fully human antibodies.
These succeeding generations of mAbs have demonstrated incremental improvements
in safety and activity, and the industry is currently in the middle of a major
shift toward humanized and human products. Insight Pharma Reports, Monoclonal
Antibodies: Pipeline Analysis and Competitive Assessment 2009 Antibodies produced by clones of cells such as those isolated after hybridization of activated B lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. These hybrids are often referred to as hybridomas. MeSH, 1982 multiplex
assays: Multiplex assays for
simultaneously detecting several biomarkers in a single sample, traditionally
used in discovery proteomics, are becoming popular in clinical diagnostics
research. The range of clinical applications for these assays is broad and
includes autoimmune disease, infectious disease, oncology, cardiology, and
endocrinology testing, as well as metabolomics and toxicology screening. The
anticipated advantage of multiplex assays in clinical diagnostics is the fact
that a panel of several biomarkers has better diagnostic value than a single
analyte. However, some substantial obstacles are in the way of clinical utility
of identified sets of biomarkers. In its inaugural year, this conference will
present solutions and case studies for an array of topics related to clinical
laboratory implementation of non-genomic multiplex assays such as regulatory
challenges, commercialization issues, and technological barriers and advances. A
comprehensive account of the clinical proteomics and metabolomics technologies
will be introduced throughout the conference including bead-based immunoassay
platforms, mass spectrometry-based multiplexed protein assay platforms, custom
microplates, nanotechnology solutions, etc. Special emphasis will be placed on
the regulatory issues related to the approval process of multiplex platforms and
assays. Translating
Proteomics & Metabolomics into the Clinical Laboratory
August 23-24, 2011 Washington DC Assay technologies have been evolving since scientists first discovered they could measure glucose, insulin, and several hormones in the blood to help them diagnose disease. Early instruments such as the Ames Reflectance Meter, used for detecting glucose levels, have morphed into such sophisticated systems as flow cytometers. The Human Genome Project provided the basics for researchers to launch into the field of human genomics and they needed the tools to accomplish this. DNA microarrays allowed for massively parallel gene expression analyses. Scientists soon discovered that while the genomewide assays were extremely valuable, there were genes of interest that they had difficulty measuring when they got hundreds of data points from a microarray. Low- to mid-density assays have allowed scientists to pinpoint the genetic code for a variety of uses, from genetic heredity studies to drug metabolism and patient stratification. Insight Pharma Reports, Multiplex assays in Translational Medicine: Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions, 2008 personalized
medicine: How to leverage technology to optimize
speed, quality and cost of clinical trials. Themes covered include best
practices in data collection and analysis, systems integration, improving trial
monitoring, recruiting and engaging patient communities using Web 2.0
technologies, adaptive clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, and utilization of
EHR data for drug development. Track
8: eHealth and HIT Solutions for Personalized Medicine Bio-IT
World Conference & Expo April 12-14, 2011 • Boston, MA Program
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on personalized therapy has affected the entire process of drug discovery,
development and marketing. Pharmaceutical companies must adjust their
strategies, starting from target identification to validation, clinical trials,
approval processes, and marketing in order to fit into the new concept.
Successful collaboration with diagnostics partners has become a cornerstone in
the efforts to bring to the market tailored and targeted therapies, with
companion tests helping to match the right drug to the right patient. The
process of acceptance of the personalized medicine concept is being fueled by
strong FDA endorsement, as well as an increasing demand from insurance companies
for evidence of efficacy to support reimbursement decisions. phage display: Phage
and Yeast Display of Antibodies and Proteins May
9-10, 2011 • Boston, MA Program
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| Download Brochure Pharmaceutical Strategies conference series pharmacogenomics: Despite their slightly different definitions, as with other "-genetics" and "-genomics" terms, pharmacogenomics (PGt) and pharmacogenomics (PGx) are often used interchangeably. This is not surprising since both terms refer to the study or use of genetic variation in drug responses. PGx is also often used as the more all-encompassing, or default, term when referring to the general study or use of genetic variation in drug response. ... There really isn't clear consensus (yet) on the best definitions for each term. Insight Pharma Reports, Pharmacogenomics: Delivering on the promise, 2009 Comprises the study of variations in targets or target pathways, variation in metabolizing enzymes (pharmacogenetics) or, in the case of infectious organisms, genetic variations in the pathogen. CHI Drug Discovery Map http://www.healthtech.com/drugdiscoverymap.asp portfolio
management: Key
issues to be addressed include: Effectively determining, measuring and
managing a diversified portfolio, New approaches to prioritizing and
rank-ordering portfolio projects, Achieving more effective and real-time
portfolio management and resource allocation, Use of Multi-Objective Analysis in
portfolio management of early stage projects, Balancing internal R&D
investments and resources with external collaborations, Understanding the impact
of partnerships and co-development deals on resource and portfolio management,
Overcoming organizational challenges to maximizing value and balancing risks,
Tested methods to improve pharma’s agility and flexibility in order to attain
higher levels of innovation and speed, How can you learn from the
gaps/differences between your projected portfolio and the reality/outcomes,
Creating a governance body and corporate structure to enable agile decision
making, How can pharma translate lessons learned from other industries? Training
project teams to provide appropriate information (strategic alternatives, risk,
assumptions, etc.) for executives to evaluate in decision making post-approval drug safety: How
leading companies are defining and implementing a formal framework of corporate
risk management
ATTAIN
strategies to place risk management more in connection with benefits
EXAMINE
the use of quantitative and qualitative methods to better balance benefit-risk
MASTER
global regulatory authorities’ evolving expectations UNDERSTAND
how to improve clinical trial safety and surveillance protein engineering: A technique used to produce proteins with altered or novel amino acid sequences. The methods used are: 1. Transcription and translation systems from synthesized lengths of DNA or RNA with novel sequences. 2. Chemical modification of 'normal' proteins. 3. Solid- state polypeptide synthesis to form proteins. IUPAC Compendium Procedures by which
protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering
existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of
proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of
MOLECULAR
MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER
GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis
(MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED
MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes. MeSH 2003
protein therapeutics:
Recombinant
Protein Therapeutics January
10-11, 2011 • Coronado, CA Program
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RNA
Interference
February 3-5, 2010 • San
Francisco, CA Program
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| stem cells: The
new generation of stem cell research offers viable insights and resources of
replacement cells to treat and reverse diseases, leading to regenerative
medicine and ultimately personalized therapies. The primary objectives of
Cambridge Healthtech Institute’s Stem Cells are
the basics of regenerative medicine, including stem cell sources (embryonic,
adult, cord blood or iPS) and technologies to harness their potential, pathways
to deliver the new therapies, and translation of basic stem cell research into
clinical applications. Stem
Cells February 23-25,
2011 • San Francisco, CA Program
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The latest development in computational technology for drug discovery, and puts
structure-based molecular approaches into the perspective of targeted
therapeutics. Highlights
include Protein
Flexibility, Complex Drug-Ligand Interactions Observed From Nanoseconds-Level
Molecular Dynamic Simulation , Novel Modality Drug Targeting Combination of
Chemical and Biologic Properties, Computational Fragment Mapping for
Protein-Protein Interaction Target Identification , Computational Approaches to
Finding and Optimizing GPCR Modulators systems biology: This report focuses on the current and future applications of Systems Biology in drug discovery, specifically in pinpointing optimal individual targets, and combinations of targets, to overcome metabolic pathway redundancies, leading to efficacious and safe products. Insight Pharma Reports, Systems biology: A disruptive technology, 2008 The label “systems biology” is pretty awful, except, of course, for the many even worse labels that have been tried. More important is what SB seeks to do: transform biology and health care into a rigorous, predictive science offering a richer understanding of biology and a vastly improved approach to drug development and medicine. SB would build on the molecular biology revolution and elucidate the wiring diagrams (and their rules) buried in the data. John Russell, BioIT World, Sept 2007 http://www.bio-itworld.com/issues/2007/sept/cover-story/ translational research: To improve human health, scientific discoveries must be translated into practical applications. Such discoveries typically begin at “the bench” with basic research in which scientists study disease at a molecular or cellular level then progress to the clinical level, or the patient's “bedside.” Scientists are increasingly aware that this bench-to-bedside approach to translational research is really a two-way street. Basic scientists provide clinicians with new tools for use in patients and for assessment of their impact, and clinical researchers make novel observations about the nature and progression of disease that often stimulate basic investigations. Translational research has proven to be a powerful process that drives the clinical research engine. However, a stronger research infrastructure could strengthen and accelerate this critical part of the clinical research enterprise. NIH Common Fund, Translational Research Overview, 2011 http://commonfund.nih.gov/clinicalresearch/overview-translational.aspx translational
science: translating preclinical and clinical
knowledge Translational
Science February 23-25, 2011 • San Francisco, CA Program
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vaccine development clinical: The Clinical Development of Therapeutic
Vaccines conference will address the clinical challenges facing therapeutic
vaccine developers, including patient selection, international outsourcing for
trial completion, and navigating regulatory approval. The landmark approval of
Provenge (sipuleucel-T) in 2010 brought therapeutic vaccines and
immunotherapeutics into the media’s spotlight, yet therapeutic vaccines extend
beyond cancer. Clinical development of these products includes the use of novel
clinical trial designs, identification of patient populations as well as
addressing regulatory concerns. http://www.healthtech.com/imt/clv vaccines - novel: Vaccine leaders from around the world will come
together to discuss critical issues surrounding the development of effective –
and affordable – vaccines … This meeting examines the most successful
vaccines that respond to the most pernicious diseases threatening humankind. Novel Vaccines: Design
& Development August
16-17, 2011 • Cambridge, MA Program
| IUPAC definitions are reprinted with the permission of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. |
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