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You are here > Biopharmaceutical Glossary Homepage/Search > Drug discovery & development > Therapeutic areas: Cardiovascular, CNS, Immunology, Infectious, Inflammation Therapeutic
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Map Alzheimer's
Disease: Targeting Alzheimer's
Disease conference provides an opportunity to learn new methods, network with
experts in Alzheimer’s disease research and have access to the latest
technology in translational research, imaging, biomarker development, and target
validation. Targeting
Alzheimer's Disease June 5-6,
2012 • Philadelphia, PA Program | Register | Download
Brochure Antibacterial
Drug Development
April
17-18, 2012 • San Diego, CA Program | Register | Download
Brochure
antibacterial
resistance:
Resistant bacterial strains are an
increasing challenge for the entire health industry. There is a dire need to
develop novel defense mechanisms and novel strategies to treat bacterial
infections. To successfully tackle antibacterial resistance, novel targets are
only part of the equation - challenges which also need to be addressed include
predicting toxicology, selectivity, resistance, permeability and pk of a new
lead, and creating new models for optimization of leads and compounds. Antibacterial Drug
Discovery April 12-13,
2011 Drug Discovery Chemistry • San Diego, CA Program | Register | Download Brochure anti-inflammatories:
Anti-Inflammatories:
Small Molecule Approaches
April
17-18, 2012 • San Diego, CA Program | Register | Download
Brochure The hunt for new small molecules that target inflammation is heating up. Researchers are discovering that inflammation plays a central role in a wide range of diseases, from rheumatoid arthritis to cancer and Alzheimer’s. Current oral therapies such as Cox-2 inhibitors and NSAIDs can have undesirable and significant side effects with frequent use. The promising biologics on the horizon have the downside that they are more costly than small molecule therapeutics and cannot be taken orally. antivirals: Even for companies that have achieved blockbuster status with one or more antiviral drugs, resistance to those drugs will always pose a threat. Thus, there is a constant need to update the development pipeline and consider novel ways to combine different antiviral drugs. This report explores clinical development activities in HIV, HCV, and influenza and the market drivers in these areas, as well as: How the evolution of drug resistance among viruses drives both the pace and direction of antiviral development, Approaches to antiviral drug design and the potential for antiviral combination therapy, Antiviral development activities for the unmet-medical-need niches of poliovirus, West Nile virus, and smallpox. Antiviral Pipeline: HIV, HCV, and Influenza Insight Pharma Reports, 2010 asthma: See under inflammation autism: No single parameter, or combination of parameters, has been unambiguously corroborated as a cause of human autistic disorders. No medications have been proven to be efficacious in the treatment of the core social or communication impairment seen in autism. Some of its other symptoms or frequent comorbidities (aggression, hyperactivity, and seizures) can be managed with currently available drugs. If passed into law, the "Combating Autism Act of 2005" could massively expand the number of autism diagnoses within a few years, creating skyrocketing demand for prescription medications. Insight Pharma Reports, Autism: A Developmental Disorder That Is Massively on the Rise. Unmet Needs, Part of Insight Pharma Reports, Sleeper diseases: Forecast and Assessment of Neglected Disease Market Opportunity, 2006 http://www.insightpharmareports.com/reports/2006/62_Sleeper_Diseases/overview.asp#a autoimmune diseases:
Autoimmune Diseases: Pipelines for Crohn’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and
Rheumatoid Arthritis describes pipeline activities across these three diseases. Autoimmune Diseases: Pipelines for
Crohn's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis July 2011 Table of
Contents | Tables and
Figures biodefense: we heard from industry leaders about their strategy for meeting the needs of the community and bridging the technology gaps that still exist. New assays will be introduced that are highly multiplexed, integrated and field deployable. Technology developments in sample prep, signal transduction and amplification will be showcased, and specific examples of integrated systems will be presented. Dual-use application is an essential feature for products to have utility in biodefense and clinical settings. Systems Integration in Biodefense, Aug.2 008, Washington DC Order CD Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodefense biofilms: Are composed of populations or communities of microorganisms adhering to environmental surfaces. These microorganisms are usually encased in an extracellular polysaccharide that they themselves synthesize. Biofilms may be found on essentially any environmental surface in which sufficient moisture is present. [John Lennox, et. al., Biofilm Primer, Penn State Univ. Altoona, US ] http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/j/e/jel5/biofilms/primer.html May be involved in a number of human bacterial infections. BioIT World Weekly
Therapeutics clinical
http://www.bio-itworldweekly.com/category/11/therapeutics-clinical/ blood substitutes: Human blood, plasma and tissue contain many proteins, the extraction and purification of which are of great medical and economic importance. Transmission of infectious diseases via blood transfusion, tissue implantation and the use of processed blood plasma and components have placed a high priority on the development of new strategies for safeguarding the health of millions of patients who receive blood and tissue-derived products every year. The screening of blood for the detection of infectious agents is continuing to advance but is complicated by the presence of new and emerging pathogens. In addition, cost- effectiveness and the threat of emerging and/or crossover infective agents must also be considered. BSE: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (or mad cow disease). [UK Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Scientific & Medical Terms, Univ. of Edinburgh, UK, 1997 ] http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/glos.htm See also TSE CJD Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease: The most common human SE [spongiform encephalopathy] which is characterised by a rapidly progressive dementia. Identified in the 1920s through the work of Creutzfeldt and Jakob. UK Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Scientific & Medical Terms, Univ. of Edinburgh, UK, 1997 http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/glos.htm Related terms: BSE, blood & blood substitutes, TSE Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Narrower term: vCJD Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cardiac disease: Guidance for industry, Somatic cell therapy for, FDA 2010 http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/CellularandGeneTherapy/ucm164265.htm cardiac
proteomics:
Our research program focuses on the characterization of signaling pathways and
cellular organelles in the heart, with a particular interest on alterations of
subproteomes during myocardial alchemic injury. Since 1992,
this research program has authored 110 manuscripts
in cardiac cell signaling and myocardial ischemic injury. The functional
proteomic approaches we employ have provided key information pertaining to the
proteomic basis of diseased cardiac phenotypes, and enabled a holistic portrait
of multiple molecules and pathways in parallel. Cardiac proteomics &
Signaling Laboratory UCLA http://signalingmodules.org/
cardiogenomics: CardioGenomics is one of eleven Programs for Genomic Applications (PGAs) funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the NIH. The PGA initiative was funded in September of 2000 with the mission of advancing functional genomic research related to heart, lung, blood, and sleep health and disorders. A key feature of the PGA initiative is that all data, information, educational materials and reagents are made publicly available, and the scientific community is given access to these products and made aware of the each PGA's activities via the web. The primary goal of the CardioGenomics PGA is to begin to link genes to structure, function, dysfunction and structural abnormalities of the cardiovascular system caused by clinically relevant genetic and environmental stimuli. The principal biological theme to be pursued is how the transcriptional network of the cardiovascular system responds to genetic and environmental stresses to maintain normal function and structure, and how this network is altered in disease. Cardiogenomics, Harvard Medical School, http://cardiogenomics.med.harvard.edu/pga-overview Google = about 3,800 May 8, 2003, about 49,000 Aug. 9, 2005 Cardiome Project: an international effort aimed at developing a large scale coupled computational model of the beating heart, from gene to whole organ level, by incorporating detailed measurements of cardiac anatomy, tissue structure/properties, and cellular properties. http://www.biomedtown.org/biomed_town/STEP/Reception/step-definitions/CardiomeProject Related term: lipoproteomics cardiovascular diagnostics: Cardiovascular diseases continue to be an enormous medical and cost burden on the health care system. As the rapidly aging population drives an increase in the incidence and prevalence of heart disease, the need for early detection and intervention will escalate dramatically. Insight Pharma Reports, Cardiovascular Diagnostics: Key Developments in Technologies and Markets, 2005 http://www.insightpharmareports.com/reports/2005/49_CardioDx/overview.asp cardiovascular models: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment. MeSH 1980 cognome,
human: The Human Cognome Project seeks to
reverse- engineer the human brain, paralleling in many ways the Human Genome
Project and its success in deciphering the human genome. Analytical techniques
used in the Human Cognome Project include: studying brain biology and chemistry
in wet lab experiments, studying brain structure
using frozen tissue sample scanning and imaging, studying brain activity
and function using active brain imaging, (which is improving both spatial
and temporal resolutions in successive technology generations), studying brain development
though the field of morphogenesis, studying brain disease, injury
and dysfunction through the fields of brain pathology, neurology and
psychopharmacology, and studying psychology relative to brain structure and
function through neuropsychology, Wikipedia, accessed Aug. 9, 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Cognome_Project cosmetic psychopharmacology: Peter Kramer, Listening to Prozac, Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_D._Kramer Google = about 272 May 8, 2003; about 501 Apr. 28, 2004 diabetes:
Diabetes has serious consequences if it is not well treated. In 2010, the
global prevalence of diabetes was estimated to have reached 285 million and it
is predicted to reach 438 million in 2030. Available agents provide imperfect
control of the disease, and the medical need for better therapies is widely
recognized. Insight Pharma Reports Diabetes
Pipeline: Intense Activity to Meet Unmet Need 2010 diagnostics H1N1:
Swine Influenza A is now known
as 2009 H1N1 Influenza (2009 H1N1). Hepatitis C HCV Drug
discovery:
HCV
Drug Discovery
April
18-19, 2012 • San Diego, CA Program | Register | Download
Brochure This is an exciting time for the field of
HCV antivirals. Viral protease and polymerase inhibitors are in late stage
clinical trials, as are combinations of them, suggesting an interferon-free drug
cocktail to treat HCV may one day be possible. Progress is also being made on
small molecule drug candidates that inhibit host proteins involved in the
maturation/processing of HCV particles. Human Microbiome: The Common Fund's Human Microbiome Project (HMP) aims to characterize the microbial communities found at several different sites on the human body, including nasal passages, oral cavities, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract, and to analyze the role of these microbes in human health and disease. NIH Common Fund, Human Microbiome Project, 2011 http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/ immunogenetics:
Concerns
that branch of genetics that deals with the genes which regulate the immune
response. Immunogenetics arose in the 1960s born out of interest in the human
leucocyte antigens (HLAs) and their role in transplant acceptance and rejection.
The idea that the immune response is under genetic control however predates the
clinical need to study HLA, and its origins can be traced back to earlier in the
20th century, with truly great scientists (Landsteiner, Gorer, Snell, Medawar,
and Dausset, to name but a few). (Current and up to date. Immunogenetics was
never a science that was restricted to studies of HLA. The ABO blood groups,
immunoglobulin, and complement gene polymorphisms have long been included in the
list. More recently, however, we have come to understand the extent of
polymorphism in the human genome, and have realised almost any gene that encodes
an immune active product can act as an “immune response gene.”
… Most
studies to date have been concerned with the human MHC, but an increasing number
of investigators are now focussing on other immunogenes that affect both innate
and acquired immunity to self and foreign antigens.
P
T Donaldson, Genetics of liver disease:
immunogenetics and disease pathogenesis, Gut.
2004
April; 53(4):
599–608 doi:
10.1136/gut.2003.031732 immunological models: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of immune system, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electrical equipment. MeSH 1995 immunotherapy: Biologics infectious disease models: Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study (MIDAS) is a collaboration of research and informatics groups to develop computational models of the interactions between infectious agents and their hosts, disease spread, prediction systems and response strategies. The models will be useful to policymakers, public health workers and other researchers who want to better understand and respond to emerging infectious diseases. If a disease outbreak occurs, the MIDAS network may be called upon to develop specific models to aid public officials in their decision-making processes. National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Initiatives/MIDAS/ infectious disease ontology: http://infectiousdiseaseontology.org/page/Main_Page inflammation:
The human immune system can go awry, either attacking an
individual’s body or producing an exaggerated response to a foreign substance
that is normally benign. In these situations, immunotherapies are needed to
balance or suppress the unwarranted immune response. This report identifies
nearly 400 ongoing product candidates and development programs in these
indication areas. The companies active in these areas range from multinational
pharmaceutical companies with a number of active programs to small boutique
start-ups working on a very defined topic. Many of these programs involve
“new” targets as well as a range of small-molecule and biological candidate
therapeutics. The result is an extremely active, industry-wide product
development race. Insight Pharma Reports, Inflammatory
Disorders: Therapies That Suppress or Balance the Immune Response
2009 The pharmaceutical industry is
exhaustively exploring novel targets in the search for new drugs to treat
inflammatory diseases. Delving in-depth into these efforts, this report
provides: An analysis of six diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel
disease, psoriasis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and asthma An assessment of
existing drug therapies for these diseases Discussion
of pharmacological R&D strategies being employed by the industry in
developing both biological and small-molecule agents for these diseases Review
of the approximately 200 compounds in clinical development and assessment of
particularly noteworthy drug candidates for these diseases lipid lowering drugs: SWOT analysis Insight Pharma Reports, Metabolic Syndrome, Pipeline Analysis and US Market Forecast , 2005 lipoproteomics: Karlsson H, Leanderson P, Tagesson C, Lindahl M, Lipoproteomics I: mapping of proteins in low-density lipoprotein using two- dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry Proteomics. 5(2): 551-65, 2005 Feb Related term: cardiogenomics metabolic syndrome: Is a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus comprising obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The eligible treatment population in the U.S. for these four conditions is currently 40 million patients and will nearly double over the next 15 years, bringing unprecedented social and economic impacts. Insight Pharma Reports, Metabolic Syndrome, Pipeline Analysis and US Market Forecast report, 2005 http://www.insightpharmareports.com/reports/2005/44_Metabolic_Syndrome/overview.asp microbial proteomics: Bacterial genomes encode all possible virulence determinants, vaccine candidates, and potential drug targets. Further, a completed genomic sequence establishes a basis for high throughput analysis of the proteins expressed (i.e., the proteome). Respiratory pathogens have been among the first to have their genomes entirely sequenced. Mycoplasma pneumoniae harbors the second smallest genome of any self- replicating life form and encodes 679 putative proteins. These genome- predicted proteins will be correlated with those actually present, detecting any biological event that generates a protein of different molecular composition than that predicted. These include sequence or reading frame errors, imprecise bioinformatics, co- or post- translational modifications, and mutational or proteolytic strategies for antigenic variation. [Neil Kelleher "Enzymology and Proteomics" Dept. of Biochemistry, Univ. of Illinois - Urbana Champaign, US, 2000] http://www.scs.uiuc.edu/~bioch/kelleher.html Google - about 182 Sept. 10, 2003 Related term: Omes & omics glossary microbiome neglected diseases: to
make a significant impact in targeting neglected tropical diseases, many issues
are at stake and need to be addressed. Which diseases are most prevailing and
which present newly emerging targets for developing therapeutics? Are there
novel opportunities for collaborations? How can the communication and
collaboration between the developed and the underdeveloped countries be improved
and what are the most pressing issues? Can lessons learned be adapted to
different countries or for different diseases? What are the current strategies
pursued by consortia and collaboration efforts? And lastly – is there a good
way for dealing with IP issues and concerns? Encouraging Development of Therapeutics for Neglected
Diseases March 12-13, 2012 • Philadelphia, PA Program | Register | Download Brochure neuroceuticals: http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2006/02/neuroceuticals.html Related terms: cogniceuticals, neuropharmaceuticals NeuroCommons: We use ontologies to help make sure that when we
capture a scientific finding in the form of RDF, the meaning of what we
have said in RDF is as clear as it can be. Not only does such clarity
increase a scientist's confidence in an RDF statement, it also permits the
statement to be linked with other statements that use the same terms.
Linking might be accomplished either through syntactic matching (e.g. SPARQL query) or automated inference (e.g. description
logic reasoner). ScienceCommons 2008 http://neurocommons.org/page/Ontologies neurodegenerative
diseases: Neurodegenerative diseases are drawing immense interest from the
pharmaceutical industry and have inspired heavy competition in the race to
introduce the next generation of improved drugs. Alzheimer’s disease,
Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
are analyzed in this report, which: Reviews their symptoms and pathology,
presumed causes, methods of diagnosis, epidemiology, Examines existing drug
therapies for each disorder, Surveys the R&D picture for each disease,
Tabulates the approximately 150 compounds in clinical development , Discusses
particularly noteworthy drug candidates. .
Insight Pharma Reports.
Neurodegenerative
Diseases: Next-Generation Drugs for Four Major Disorders: Alzheimer’s
disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis, 2008 neurogenome: The total number of genes functionally expressed in the human nervous system. [Roger Rosenberg "Genomic Neurology: A New Beginning" Archives of Neurology 58: 1739- 1741, Nov. 2001] http://archneur.ama-assn.org/issues/v58n11/fpdf/ned10002.pdf neurogenomics: CNS disorders affect a vast patient population and represent a huge area of unmet therapeutic need. In the United States alone, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) afflict more than 6.5 million people. Drug discovery efforts for the most prevalent CNS diseases have met with varying success; it is estimated that billions of dollars are spent every year on prescription drug sales, however, many current therapies merely treat the symptoms but do not provide cures. Insight Pharma Reports, Neurogenomics and Neurotherapeutic Strategies: New Directions in Platforms, Targets, and Therapeutic Approaches, report 2005 http://www.insightpharmareports.com/reports/2005/45_Neurogenomics/overview.asp The NIH
Neurogenomics Project is dedicated to furthering functional genomics research,
by utilizing phenotype-driven, or forward genetics, techniques to identify
genes. The overall objective has been to use ENU-mutagenized C57BL/6J mice to
identify neurobehavioral mutations in five domains. The project uses a
three-generation breeding scheme to produce homozygous mutants to recover both
recessive and dominant mutations. Phenotypic screens focus on five primary
domains: neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress, learning and memory,
psychostimulant response, vision, and circadian rhythm. NIH Neurogenomics
Project at Northwestern Univ, US http://genomics.northwestern.edu/neuro/about.cfm
Google = about 26,700
Nov. 5, 2005; about 80,600 Nov 10, 2006 neuroimmune network, neuroimmunoendocrinology, neuroimmunomodulation: Horst Ibelgaufts' COPE: Cytokines Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?006171 neurological models: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. MeSH 1977 neuropharmaceuticals: Drugs targeting the central nervous systems. The blood brain barrier poses a formidable drug delivery challenge. CHA Cambridge Healthtech Advisors, Neurogenomics and Neurotherapeutic Strategies: New Directions in Platforms, Targets, and Therapeutic Approaches report, 2005 Google = about 530 Dec. 6, 2004; about 11,000 Nov 10, 2006 Related terms: cogniceuticals, neuroceuticals, neuroinformatics neuroproteomics: Protein profiling related to CNS cells, tissues and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions. Google - about 386 Sept. 10, 2003 neurotherapeutics: Current therapies for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases leave much to be desired. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are an increasing burden on the health care systems of the developed countries as the proportion of their elderly population rises. As for psychiatric disorders, their social and economic impact can be measured by the fact that antipsychotics and antidepressants account for nearly a quarter of total sales for the world’s top 10 best-selling drugs. Potential Breakthroughs in Neurotherapeutics: Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia report, 2006 Related term: neurogenomics obesity drug pipeline: Obesity is involved in the pathogenesis of major diseases, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Yet there are no sufficiently safe and effective obesity drugs on the market today. Disease pathways of obesity are poorly understood and appear to be dependent on many genetic and environmental factors. Researchers and companies have been using what is known about energy balance pathways to design obesity drugs. Insight Pharma Reports Obesity drug pipeline: Developing therapies for a complex disease, 2008 http://www.insightpharmareports.com/reports_report.aspx?id=81172&r=653 ophthalmology market:
The ophthalmology market, although a relatively small niche in the
pharmaceutical industry, is more than worthwhile to track because: It is growing
dynamically, and will likely continue this development unbroken for the next 2
or 3 decades. It offers scientific challenges that are definitely tough but not
insurmountable, with the paths to success already discernible.
It is a market that analysts and investors can understand. Severe eye
diseases are debilitating but not terminal conditions, and therefore most people
know at least 1 person with severe vision impairment and can sympathize—which
on the whole creates a more favorable basis for investments. Insight
Pharma Reports, Ophthalmological
Therapeutics: Pipelines, Delivery Technologies, and Markets, 2008 pain
- animal models of:
Many are frustrated with the lack of translational
progress in the pain field, in which huge gains in basic science knowledge
obtained using animal models have not led to the development of many novel,
clinically effective compounds. A careful reexamination of animal models of pain
is therefore warranted. In this course, I will describe the current
implementation of animal models of pain, discuss a wide range of modulatory
factors affecting data obtained within them, lay out the case for the
replacement of current models by more sophisticated ones, and describe progress
toward that goal. Animal Models of Pain DVD
June 9, 2009 • pathogenomics: Our project utilizes a combination of informatics, evolutionary biology, microbiology and eukaryotic genetics to identify pathogen genes which are more similar to host genes than expected, and likely to interact with, or mimic, their host’s gene functions. In addition, potential pathogenicity islands in genomes are being identified. A database of these genes is being built, which will be updated in an automated fashion, based on the increasing number of pathogen genomes being sequenced. Candidate functions identified by our informatics approach will be tested in the laboratory to investigate their role in pathogen infection and host interaction. Tests will include studies of both the pathogen gene and any homologous C. elegans gene, as C. elegans will be used as a model host organism for some pathogens. Public databases of all analyses used and all genes identified using our approach will be made available on this website. Pathogenomics, British Columbia, Canada, 2002 http://www.pathogenomics.bc.ca/ The development of genomic technologies and bioinformatics to provide novel opportunities for studying life- threatening human pathogens with great potential of enhancing human health. Summary of the expert workshop on the European Research Agenda (WP 3), 2005 http://www.pathogenomics-era.net/datapool/page/90/WP3-Helsinki-sept-05.ppt. M. Nose Origin of the diversity and similarity of pathological manifestations of collagen disease: lessons from murine models in an aspect of pathogenomics Article in Japanese Ryumachi 40(5): 833- 848 Oct. 2000 Google = about 30,100 Nov. 5, 2005; about 53,500 Nov 10, 2006 phyloproteomics:
Identification of unknown bacterial isolates based on similarities within protein
biomarker databases. [Gregory C. Conway et. al. "Phyloproteomics: Species Identification of
Enterobacteriaceae Using Matrix- Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization
Time- of- Flight Mass Spectrometry" J. Mol. Micro. Biotechnol. 3: 103-112,
2001 prion: PROteinaceous INfectious agent. The prion theory suggests that the infective agent of CJD (and the other TSEs) is only composed of a protein and does not contain nucleic acid which would be necessary if the agent was a conventional virus. [UK Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Scientific & Medical Terms, Univ. of Edinburgh, UK, 1997 ] http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/glos.htm Small proteinaceous infectious particles which resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids and contain an abnormal isoform of a cellular protein which is a major and necessary component. The abnormal (scrapie) isoform is PrPSc (PRPSC PROTEINS) and the cellular isoform PrPC (PRPC PROTEINS). The primary amino acid sequence of the two isoforms is identical. Human diseases caused by prions include CREUTZFELDT- JAKOB SYNDROME and GERSTMANN- STRAUSSLER SYNDROME. [MeSH, 1986] Related terms: BSE, CJD, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center NPDPSC, PrP, TSE, vCJF PrP protein: The prion protein. This is a normally occurring protein found on the surface of particular cell types - PrPC. The abnormal form PrPCJD (or PrPScrapie) accumulates in the disease brain and is thought to be the main (or only) constitutent of prions. [UK Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Scientific & Medical Terms, Univ. of Edinburgh, UK, 1997 ] http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/glos.htm PrPC proteins: Normal cellular isoform of prion proteins (PRIONS) encoded by a chromosomal gene and found in normal and scrapie- infected brain tissue, and other normal tissue. PrPC are protease- sensitive proteins whose function is unknown. Post- translational modification of PrPC into PrPSC leads to infectivity. [MeSH, 1995] PrPSc proteins: Abnormal isoform of prion proteins (PRIONS) resulting from a posttranslational modification of the cellular prion protein (PRPC PROTEINS). PrPSc are disease-specific proteins seen in certain human and animal neurodegenerative diseases (PRION DISEASES). MeSH, 1995 psychogenomics: Used here to describe the process of applying the powerful tools of genomics and proteomics to achieve a better understanding of the biological substrates of normal behavior and of diseases of the brain that manifest themselves as behavioral abnormalities. Applying psychogenomics to the study of drug addiction will lead to the identification of genes and their protein products that control the reward pathways of the brain and their adaptations to drugs of abuse, as well as variations in these genes that confer genetic risk for addiction and related disorders. EJ Nestler, Psychogenomics: opportunities for understanding addiction, J Neurosci. 21(21): 8324- 8327, Nov 1, 2001 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11606619&query_hl=38 Google = about 167 Nov 5, 2005, about 422 Nov 10, 2006 psychoneuroimmunology: The Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society is an international organization for researchers in a number of scientific and medical disciplines including psychology, neurosciences, immunology, pharmacology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases, endocrinology and rheumatology, who are interested in interactions between the nervous system and the immune system, and the relationship between behavior and health. https://www.pnirs.org/index.cfm Related terms: neuroimmune network, neuroimmunoendocrinology, neuroimmunomodulation sleeper diseases: Sleeper diseases comprise a broad spectrum of increasingly recognized conditions with various degrees of neuropsychiatric involvement. Many of these conditions are now clearly defined, earning them increasing acceptance as real disorders that can and should be addressed by pharmacotherapy. Covers autism; compulsions, phobias, panic attacks; chronic fatigue system, fibromyalgia, eating disorders, restless leg syndrome. Insight Pharma Reports, Sleeper diseases: Forecast and Assessment of Neglected Disease Market Opportunity, 2006 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE: This meeting will address the ongoing progress in the science of prion diseases, as well as the newest developments in the fields of pathophysiology, transmission, detection, removal/inactivation, and prevention and will present the newest data on TSE’s in the context of its application to the pharmaceutical, biological, environmental and device industries. Topics which may be included are: advances in basic prion science, new transmissibility data, current results of human and animal tissue screening, new methods for strain typing, genetic susceptibility to the agent, risk assessment and management, TSE prophylaxis and treatment, prion protein structure and its implications for test development, prevention, cure and removal or inactivation. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies February 11-12, 2008 • San Francisco, California Order CD Broader term: Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease; Related terms: BSE, Variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease vCJD, blood & blood substitute vCJD Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A rare and fatal human neuro- degenerative condition. Like Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease (CJD), vCJD is classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) because of characteristic spongy degeneration of the brain and its ability to be transmitted. vCJD is a new disease which was first described in March 1996. WHO "Variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease vCJD" 2001 http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact180.html viral genotyping: Sequencing Bibliography
MeSH Medical Subject Headings, PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh |
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